Margins varied 51.9% around their average (limit 35%).
- 10y median
- 3.5%
- Worst year
- 0.3%
- Latest · 2026
- 1.0%
# Mazda Motor (7261.JP) Canonical: https://gigainvestors.com/s/7261.JP Analysis as of: 2026-10-15T07:11:17.378Z. Financial observations: FY2013–FY2026. Listing currency: JPY. Reporting currency: JPY. ## Verdict Not a wonderful business Quality tests for Buy: not passed (profit record: pass; earnings resilience is evidence only). Published buy qualification: no. Share price: JPY 1,092.00 per share; close as of 2026-10-15. Estimated value: low JPY 3,975.30 per share, central JPY 4,262.16 per share, high JPY 4,644.03 per share. Buy at or below the central value JPY 4,262.16 per share. Valuation as of 2026-10-15T07:11:17.378Z; scenarios are not confidence intervals. ## Checklist ### understandable: fail - 4 revenue declines in the last 10 years (informational) - operating margin variation exceeds 0.35 - Financial history: 10 years - Years with declining revenue: 4 - Years with a net loss: 1 - Operating margin variation: 0.52× Chart: Operating margin; fiscal year observations. - FY2017: 0.04× - FY2018: 0.04× - FY2019: 0.02× - FY2020: 0.01× - FY2021: 0.00× - FY2022: 0.03× - FY2023: 0.04× - FY2024: 0.05× - FY2025: 0.04× - FY2026: 0.01× ### moat: fail - ROIC median below threshold - ROIC worst years below threshold (more than 1 bad year allowed) - ROIC, median of available years: 7.7% - ROIC, second-lowest year: 2.3% - Typical minus recent gross margin: 3.6 pp - Typical gross margin (annual median): 21.6% - Recent gross margin (lower of latest and 3-year median): 18.0% - Years with nonpositive capital: 0 - Capital spending / revenue: 2.8% - ROIC including acquisitions, ten-year median: 6.8% Chart: ROIC excluding acquisitions; fiscal year observations. - FY2017: 9.6% - FY2018: 10.0% - FY2019: 4.9% - FY2020: 2.4% - FY2021: 0.5% - FY2022: 6.3% - FY2023: 9.1% - FY2024: 12.9% - FY2025: 10.5% - FY2026: 2.3% ### economics: fail - incremental invested capital return below threshold - Owner earnings / net income, 5-yr: 0.98× - Cash conversion uses consolidated totals: No - Owner earnings, five-year total: JPY 568B - Net income, five-year total: JPY 581B - Return on incremental invested capital: -57.4% - Working capital / revenue, annual change: 0.2 pp - Working capital / revenue, change between three-year averages: 1.6 pp - Working capital / revenue, final three-year average: 7.4% Chart: Annual owner cash / profit; fiscal year observations. - FY2022: 0.93× - FY2023: 1.01× - FY2024: 0.97× - FY2025: 0.94× - FY2026: 1.11× ### management: fail - Historical market-dollar context (not the management verdict): 2017 to 2026 (9 years) - buybacks unrelated to price (informational) - ROIC first 3 years vs last 3 years: 9.6% vs 10.5% - Per-share earnings: 182.93 to 181.00 (three-year endpoint medians) - per-share value declined or ends nonpositive - Management verdict uses per-share economic progress: Yes - Ordinary dilution, 10-year annual growth: 0.5% - Ordinary dilution, 5-year annual growth: 0.0% - Market cap gain: JPY -303B - Cumulative retained earnings: JPY 507B - Diluted shares, 10-year annual growth: 0.5% - Diluted shares, 5-year annual growth: 0.0% - $1 test, starting fiscal year: FY2017 - $1 test, ending fiscal year: FY2026 - Per-share value growth: -0.1% - Per-share value change: JPY -1.93 - Per-share value, starting three-year median: JPY 182.93 - Per-share value, ending three-year median: JPY 181.00 - Buyback history: 0 years - Debt-funded buybacks: No - Acquisition spending: JPY 43B - Cumulative net income, 10 years: JPY 831B - ROIC, first three-year median: 9.6% - ROIC, last three-year median: 10.5% Chart: Earnings per share; fiscal year observations. - FY2017: JPY 156.87 - FY2018: JPY 182.93 - FY2019: JPY 100.28 - FY2020: JPY 19.26 - FY2021: JPY -50.26 - FY2022: JPY 129.49 - FY2023: JPY 226.71 - FY2024: JPY 329.65 - FY2025: JPY 181.00 - FY2026: JPY 55.64 ### accounting: pass - Sloan accruals: 0.8% - Receivables to sales index (DSRI): 1.26× - Restructuring years, last five: 0 - Stock compensation / operating cash flow: 0.0% - Earnings backed by cash: Yes - Operating cash / earnings: 0.01× - Accounting red flags: 0 - Goodwill and intangibles / equity: 0.04× Chart: Sloan accruals; fiscal year observations. - FY2017: -2.7% - FY2018: -3.5% - FY2019: -2.9% - FY2020: -0.8% - FY2021: -5.2% - FY2022: -3.6% - FY2023: 0.2% - FY2024: -5.6% - FY2025: -4.7% - FY2026: 0.8% ## Holders ## Price story Down 40% since Jan 2024 · sales -2% Story as of 2026-10-16T10:00:14.606Z; price observation 2026-10-15. ### Sales · FY2025–2026 sales -2%; source https://disclosure2dl.edinet-fsa.go.jp/searchdocument/pdf/S100YDZ1.pdf; observed 2026-06-23. - FY2017: JPY 3.21T - FY2018: JPY 3.47T - FY2019: JPY 3.56T - FY2020: JPY 3.43T - FY2021: JPY 2.88T - FY2022: JPY 3.12T - FY2023: JPY 3.83T - FY2024: JPY 4.83T - FY2025: JPY 5.02T - FY2026: JPY 4.92T ### Gross margin · FY2026 gross margin 18%; source https://disclosure2dl.edinet-fsa.go.jp/searchdocument/pdf/S100YDZ1.pdf; observed 2026-06-23. - FY2017: 23.8% - FY2018: 23.6% - FY2019: 22.2% - FY2020: 21.8% - FY2021: 21.3% - FY2022: 22.0% - FY2023: 20.9% - FY2024: 21.5% - FY2025: 21.5% - FY2026: 18.0% ## Owner memo Memo as of 2026-10-16T08:06:05.509Z. ### How it makes money Annual sales are JPY 4.9 trillion. - Source: https://disclosure2dl.edinet-fsa.go.jp/searchdocument/pdf/S100YDZ1.pdf (filed 2026-06-23); FY2026: revenue 4918172000000; grossProfit 886399000000; margin = grossProfit / revenue. ### Why customers stay Margins ranged from 18% to 21.5% during 2024–26; it earns 7.7% on its capital. - Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-06-23); FY2024: grossProfit / revenue = 21.5%. - Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-06-23); FY2025: grossProfit / revenue = 21.5%. - Source: https://disclosure2dl.edinet-fsa.go.jp/searchdocument/pdf/S100YDZ1.pdf (filed 2026-06-23); FY2026: grossProfit / revenue = 18%. - Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-06-23); 10-year return on capital observations [[2017,0.09585130704734418],[2018,0.09960891413710184],[2019,0.04861306221252174],[2020,0.023523101515865796],[2021,0.00487259684849309],[2022,0.06285824028854466],[2023,0.09134691571986074],[2024,0.12895009654508932],[2025,0.10512901377886194],[2026,0.02262401713485193]]; median 0.0771025780042027. ROIC follows the displayed moat series; financial companies use return on tangible equity. ### Can it raise prices Kept about a 22% gross margin through 2022 cost inflation. - Source: https://disclosure2dl.edinet-fsa.go.jp/searchdocument/pdf/S100YDZ1.pdf (filed 2026-06-23); Gross margin observations: [[2021,0.21291809417272192],[2022,0.22039329574993052],[2023,0.20945229792785108]]; range within 2 percentage points. ### Where the cash goes Paid dividends in 9 of 10 years. - Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-06-23); FY2017: growth capex 0; upkeep 89707000000; owner earnings 84377000000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0. - Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-06-23); FY2018: growth capex 12229000000; upkeep 86954000000; owner earnings 109696000000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0.11148081971995333. - Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-06-23); FY2019: growth capex 25620341198.230347; upkeep 95032658801.76965; owner earnings 53873341198.23035. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0.47556621936550564. - Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-06-23); FY2022: growth capex 49070000000; upkeep 90281000000; owner earnings 76153000000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0.6443606949168122. - Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-06-23); FY2023: growth capex 0; upkeep 99128000000; owner earnings 143764000000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0. - Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-06-23); FY2024: growth capex 1895000000; upkeep 113348000000; owner earnings 201649000000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0.009397517468472444. - Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-06-23); FY2025: growth capex 10640000000; upkeep 117623000000; owner earnings 107687000000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0.09880486966857652. - Source: https://disclosure2dl.edinet-fsa.go.jp/searchdocument/pdf/S100YDZ1.pdf (filed 2026-06-23); FY2026: growth capex 0; upkeep 111086000000; owner earnings 38895000000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0. - Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-06-23); Dividend observations: [[2017,17935000000],[2018,20924000000],[2019,22041000000],[2020,22042000000],[2021,12596000000],[2022,0],[2023,25197000000],[2024,31501000000],[2025,37812000000],[2026,34680000000]]. Zero only counted when supported by a complete cash-flow statement. ### What could break it US import tariffs could raise product costs. - Source: https://disclosure2dl.edinet-fsa.go.jp/searchdocument/pdf/S100YDZ1.pdf (filed 2026-06-23); の流れ。(*4)ライトアセット戦略を説明したマツダ・マルチソリューション説明会2025の様子はこちらをご参照ください。https://www.mazda.com/ja/investors/policy/mid-term/(*5)企業価値向上に向けた取り組みの全体像については、マツダ統合報告書2025「CEOメッセージ」及び「CFOメッセージ」をご参照ください。 https://www.mazda.com/ja/investors/library/integrated-report/ ③ 2030経営方針の進捗当社を取り巻く経営環境は、電動化・ソフトウェア化への移行という大きな産業構造の変化に加え、地政学リスクや経済安全保障といった要因が重層的に作用し、極めて不確実性の高い状況にあります。こうした環境の中、当社はビジネス環境に適応する経営から、外部環境変化に左右されにくい、安定的に利益を生み出せる事業構造への転換を進めております。「マルチソリューション戦略」、「ライトアセット・協業戦略」、「ブランド価値経営」の3つの対応方針のもと、将来の選択肢を持ち続けることを経営の最重要事項と位置づけ、主要な施策を着実に進捗させております。当連結会計年度が初年度となる第2フェーズでは、事業と資源の選択と集中を加速し、ブランド価値の向上を図ってまいりました。 当期の主な進捗■ 期初に想定していた米国関税による2,300億円超の影響は、北米を最重要市場とする当社にとって極めて大きな逆風でありました。当社は、ステークホルダーの皆さまへの影響を最小限に抑え、雇用と事業を守り抜くべく、国内生産台数70万台の維持を掲げ、全社一丸となって構造的原価低減、固定費削減、価格戦略の見直し、市場別販売構成の最適化など、自らコントロールできる領域に重点的に取り組んでまいりました。その結果、短期間で黒字へと転換し、最終的には1,549億円の関税コストを吸収して、通期営業利益516億円を確保いたしました。■ 価値創造と原価低減を両立させる「共創活動」として、新型「CX-5」の開発初期段階から日本製鉄株式会社に参画いただき、設計・生産・調達を含むサプライチェーン・バリューチェーン全体を見直し、最適な車体構造開発を短期間で実現いたしました。これにより、輸送コストやCO2排出量の削減、サプライチェーン上の在庫削減、地政学的リスクの低減、両社の間接的な生産コスト削減に貢献しております。こうした共創活動は、既に当社庫受け額の80%に当たる領域にまで拡大しており、平時からお取引先さまとの連携を深め、サプライチェーンの強靭化・再構築を推進しております。■ 販売面では、北米市場においては、メキシコ工場からの「CX-30」や「MAZDA3」の米国向け輸出を抑制し、アラバマ工場で生産する「CX-50」、収益力の高い日本製の「CX-5」やラージ商品の販売を着実に積み上げるとともに、カナダ・メキシコでは「CX-30」などの増販により、前年並みの水準を達成しました。また、販売網の強化にも継続して取り組んでおり、米国ではこれまでに約550店舗のうち、350店舗以上が新世代店舗へ刷新し、ブランドの世界観を体感いただける環境づくりを進めるとともに、接客トレーニングや販売店との連携強化を図り、ブランドの魅力向上に努めております。■ 日本市場では、2025年6月にビジネス基盤の強化と再成長を図る国内ビジネス構造変革の方針を公表しております。ビジネス構造改革のための3本柱を、「ブランド育成に向けた成長投資」、「優先地域の特定(都市圏戦略)」、「店舗体験の向上に向けた現場支援の徹底」とし、4つの重点施策(*6)を通じて、より多くのお客様に選ばれ続けるブランドとなることで、国内販売20万台を早期に実現できるビジネス基盤の構築を図ります。また、J.D. パワー 2025年日本自動車セールス顧客満足度調査でマスマーケット国産ブランド部門2年連続第1位を獲得しました。■ 成長の土台となる市場戦略として、米国で成果を上げてきたブランド価値経営をアジア地域へ展開し、リテールオペレーションとマーケティングを強化しております。ASEAN、欧州、豪州では、長安汽車との共同開発による電動車を順次投入し、電動化への対応と市場適応を進めてまいります。また、タイで生産予定の次期「CX-3」(小型SUV)を来年市場導入し、ボリュームゾーンの獲得を着実に進めてまいります。 (*6)4つの重点施策の概要については、こちらをご参照ください。 https://newsroom.mazda.com/ja/publicity/release/2025/202506/250619a.html ■ 技術面では、「マルチソリューション戦略」において、長期的な視点で段階的に電動化技術を積み上げ続けてまいります。130以上の国と地域で事業を展開してきた当社にとって、地域毎の電動化の多様性そのものが重要な経営アセットであり、電動化、ハイブリッド、内燃機関を組み合わせ、お客様に選択肢を提供することが最も合理的かつ実践的な戦略と考えております。バッテリーEVについては、浸透スピードの変化やハイブリッドなど複数の電動化ソリューションへの顧客受容性を踏まえ、「意志あるフォロワー」として、市場の実需を見極めながら投資規模・タイミングを慎重に判断してまいります。モデルベース開発を核に要素技術をビルディングブロックとして積み上げ、柔軟に電動化を実現するとともに、生産面では、変種変量を可能とするフレキシブル生産システムにより、専用ラインへの大規模投資に依存せず電動化に対応してまいります。スモールプレーヤーでありながら大規模投資を前提とせずにマルチソリューションを成立させる点が、当社の競争優位であります。2030年までの電動化投資総額は、2022年公表時には1.5兆円と見込み、一時はインフレの影響で2兆円規模となる可能性も想定されましたが、自社製バッテリーEVプログラムの徹底精査や電池投資を最適化するなど、限られた経営資源の中で選択と集中を徹底することで、現在では総額1.2兆円規模に最適化いたしました。■ 自社製バッテリーEVの市場導入時期について見直しを行う一方、長安汽車との共同開発により4車種の電動車をスピーディかつ高い投資効率で開発・市場投入し、2030年時点で電動車20〜25万台程度、グローバル販売の約15%をカバーできる体制を構築してまいります。同時に、ハイブリッド車種を1車種から4車種へ拡大するとともに、ラージ商品のさらなる競争力強化や電動化時代における内燃機関への投資継続など、当社の独自ブランド価値を創出する領域には集中的に資源配分を行います。2027年には、理想の燃焼を追求した「SKYACTIV-Z」と当社独自のハイブリッドシステムを組み合わせて搭載した新型「CX-5」を導入する予定です。■ バッテリーEV生産に向けても着実に ### What the price says The price is 0.1 times annual sales. - Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-06-23); Closing price 1092 JPY; reporting-to-trading FX 1; FY2026 annual sales per share 7799.324234167474; price multiple 0.1400121301812456. FY2026 cash earnings/share 61.68037963860229. Closing-price date 2026-10-15. ## Monthly share-price history (JPY per share) - 2016-11: JPY 1,834.00 per share - 2016-12: JPY 1,912.00 per share - 2017-01: JPY 1,668.00 per share - 2017-02: JPY 1,576.00 per share - 2017-03: JPY 1,603.00 per share - 2017-04: JPY 1,634.00 per share - 2017-05: JPY 1,510.00 per share - 2017-06: JPY 1,568.00 per share - 2017-07: JPY 1,664.50 per share - 2017-08: JPY 1,619.00 per share - 2017-09: JPY 1,725.00 per share - 2017-10: JPY 1,622.00 per share - 2017-11: JPY 1,503.00 per share - 2017-12: JPY 1,511.50 per share - 2018-01: JPY 1,529.50 per share - 2018-02: JPY 1,496.50 per share - 2018-03: JPY 1,406.50 per share - 2018-04: JPY 1,521.50 per share - 2018-05: JPY 1,370.00 per share - 2018-06: JPY 1,360.00 per share - 2018-07: JPY 1,390.00 per share - 2018-08: JPY 1,288.50 per share - 2018-09: JPY 1,364.00 per share - 2018-10: JPY 1,224.00 per share - 2018-11: JPY 1,210.00 per share - 2018-12: JPY 1,135.00 per share - 2019-01: JPY 1,199.00 per share - 2019-02: JPY 1,307.50 per share - 2019-03: JPY 1,238.50 per share - 2019-04: JPY 1,315.50 per share - 2019-05: JPY 1,061.50 per share - 2019-06: JPY 1,124.50 per share - 2019-07: JPY 1,079.00 per share - 2019-08: JPY 892.20 per share - 2019-09: JPY 959.50 per share - 2019-10: JPY 1,005.00 per share - 2019-11: JPY 970.00 per share - 2019-12: JPY 938.00 per share - 2020-01: JPY 934.00 per share - 2020-02: JPY 750.00 per share - 2020-03: JPY 572.00 per share - 2020-04: JPY 612.00 per share - 2020-05: JPY 689.00 per share - 2020-06: JPY 646.00 per share - 2020-07: JPY 591.00 per share - 2020-08: JPY 680.00 per share - 2020-09: JPY 611.00 per share - 2020-10: JPY 546.00 per share - 2020-11: JPY 617.00 per share - 2020-12: JPY 692.00 per share - 2021-01: JPY 744.00 per share - 2021-02: JPY 839.00 per share - 2021-03: JPY 902.00 per share - 2021-04: JPY 846.00 per share - 2021-05: JPY 935.00 per share - 2021-06: JPY 1,044.00 per share - 2021-07: JPY 1,072.00 per share - 2021-08: JPY 955.00 per share - 2021-09: JPY 976.00 per share - 2021-10: JPY 1,019.00 per share - 2021-11: JPY 918.00 per share - 2021-12: JPY 885.00 per share - 2022-01: JPY 884.00 per share - 2022-02: JPY 856.00 per share - 2022-03: JPY 909.00 per share - 2022-04: JPY 929.00 per share - 2022-05: JPY 1,089.00 per share - 2022-06: JPY 1,110.00 per share - 2022-07: JPY 1,116.00 per share - 2022-08: JPY 1,231.00 per share - 2022-09: JPY 956.00 per share - 2022-10: JPY 1,003.00 per share - 2022-11: JPY 1,091.00 per share - 2022-12: JPY 1,005.00 per share - 2023-01: JPY 1,042.00 per share - 2023-02: JPY 1,227.00 per share - 2023-03: JPY 1,225.00 per share - 2023-04: JPY 1,214.00 per share - 2023-05: JPY 1,194.00 per share - 2023-06: JPY 1,393.50 per share - 2023-07: JPY 1,405.50 per share - 2023-08: JPY 1,532.50 per share - 2023-09: JPY 1,696.50 per share - 2023-10: JPY 1,424.00 per share - 2023-11: JPY 1,578.50 per share - 2023-12: JPY 1,523.50 per share - 2024-01: JPY 1,821.50 per share - 2024-02: JPY 1,758.00 per share - 2024-03: JPY 1,752.00 per share - 2024-04: JPY 1,804.00 per share - 2024-05: JPY 1,657.50 per share - 2024-06: JPY 1,556.00 per share - 2024-07: JPY 1,372.00 per share - 2024-08: JPY 1,222.00 per share - 2024-09: JPY 1,070.00 per share - 2024-10: JPY 1,107.50 per share - 2024-11: JPY 967.20 per share - 2024-12: JPY 1,083.50 per share - 2025-01: JPY 1,065.50 per share - 2025-02: JPY 1,008.00 per share - 2025-03: JPY 942.20 per share - 2025-04: JPY 854.40 per share - 2025-05: JPY 912.80 per share - 2025-06: JPY 869.40 per share - 2025-07: JPY 911.20 per share - 2025-08: JPY 995.00 per share - 2025-09: JPY 1,081.00 per share - 2025-10: JPY 1,072.00 per share - 2025-11: JPY 1,143.00 per share - 2025-12: JPY 1,219.00 per share - 2026-01: JPY 1,186.50 per share - 2026-02: JPY 1,388.50 per share - 2026-03: JPY 1,039.00 per share - 2026-04: JPY 1,011.50 per share - 2026-05: JPY 1,148.50 per share - 2026-06: JPY 1,088.50 per share - 2026-07: JPY 1,176.50 per share - 2026-08: JPY 1,232.00 per share - 2026-09: JPY 1,112.50 per share - 2026-10: JPY 1,101.00 per share ## Annual estimated value (JPY per share) - FY2020: low JPY 2,357.00 per share, central JPY 2,572.45 per share, high JPY 2,859.26 per share - FY2021: low JPY 1,838.07 per share, central JPY 1,942.32 per share, high JPY 2,081.10 per share - FY2022: low JPY 1,894.96 per share, central JPY 2,007.81 per share, high JPY 2,158.05 per share - FY2023: low JPY 2,265.18 per share, central JPY 2,800.11 per share, high JPY 3,111.61 per share - FY2024: low JPY 3,683.42 per share, central JPY 4,466.41 per share, high JPY 5,005.17 per share - FY2025: low JPY 4,165.42 per share, central JPY 4,884.24 per share, high JPY 5,413.99 per share - FY2026: low JPY 3,975.30 per share, central JPY 4,262.16 per share, high JPY 4,644.03 per share Historical values use today's bond yield for every fiscal year Historical values use today's FX rate into trading currency for every fiscal year Historical values use current restated fundamentals and current commodity classification; they are not point-in-time estimates ## Sources [Original EDINET filing](https://disclosure2dl.edinet-fsa.go.jp/searchdocument/pdf/S100YDZ1.pdf); period 2026-03-31, filed 2026-06-23. Estimates depend on assumptions and are not guarantees or investment advice. Underlying data remains subject to its source licenses; public reading does not grant bulk redistribution rights.
7261 · JP
Nikkei 225
Not a wonderful business
3 quality tests fail. A lower price would not fix the business.
Margins varied 51.9% around their average (limit 35%).
Capital return excluding acquisitions: median 7.7% (minimum 15%), and the second-worst year 2.3% (minimum 10%).
New investment earned -57.4% (minimum 12%).
Per-share value fell from 182.93 to 181, comparing three-year medians at each end (must rise and stay positive).
Profits were backed by cash: accruals were 0.8% of assets (limit 10%).
Profit record · pass 1 loss year in 10 (at most 2), mean operating margin 2.9%, three-year average owner earnings per share 184.2 JPY.
| Value range | JPY 3,975.30 – JPY 4,644.03 |
|---|---|
| Buy at or below | Central value JPY 4,262.16 |
| Discount to value | 1 − 1092.00 / 4262.16 = 74.4% |
| Return / year | Modelled excess cash covers today’s price; no finite annual IRR. |
| Cash-flow inputs | Owner cash JPY 190.34/share; 0.0% growth for 5 years, then fades to 3.0%; excess cash JPY 1894.79/share today. |
| Required return | 10.0% / year, earned by construction at the central value |