# Bank of America (BAC.US)

Canonical: https://gigainvestors.com/s/BAC

Analysis as of: 2026-10-16T07:26:46.132Z. Financial observations: FY2015–FY2025.

Listing currency: USD. Reporting currency: USD.

## Verdict

Not a wonderful business

Quality tests for Buy: not passed (profit record: pass; earnings resilience is evidence only). Published buy qualification: no.

Share price: $51.70 per share; close as of 2026-10-15.

Estimated value: low $43.79 per share, central $54.73 per share, high $72.98 per share. Buy at or below the central value $54.73 per share. Valuation as of 2026-10-16T07:26:46.132Z; scenarios are not confidence intervals.

Expected annual return: 10.2% at the stated quote. About 10.2% a year at today's price (required return 10.0%). required return 10.0% a year (10% floor; US 10-year bond 5.1% + 4 points).

## Checklist

### understandable: pass

- Financial history: 10 years

- Profitable years in the last ten: 10

- Required profitable years: 9

- Return on common equity variation (informational): 0.21×

Chart: Net income; fiscal year observations.

- FY2016: $16B

- FY2017: $17B

- FY2018: $27B

- FY2019: $26B

- FY2020: $16B

- FY2021: $31B

- FY2022: $26B

- FY2023: $25B

- FY2024: $25B

- FY2025: $29B

### moat: fail

- Tangible common book per share

- Parent-total proxy for preferred equity

- median return on common equity below threshold

- Bank / P&C ROTE, median of available years: 11.9%

- Required median return: 12.0%

- Return uses tangible common equity: Yes

- Bank ROTE, second-lowest year: 9.6%

- Cost / income, median: 63.6%

- Years with reported combined ratio: 0

Chart: Return on tangible common equity; fiscal year observations.

- FY2016: 9.7%

- FY2017: 9.6%

- FY2018: 15.5%

- FY2019: 15.2%

- FY2020: 9.3%

- FY2021: 17.5%

- FY2022: 15.0%

- FY2023: 11.2%

- FY2024: 11.4%

- FY2025: 12.5%

### economics: pass

- Tangible common book per share

- Parent-total proxy for preferred equity

- Book value per share + reinvested dividends, annualized return: 12.3%

- Book return interval: 10 years

- Starting book value per share: $13.95

- Ending book value per share: $30.26

Chart: Annual book + dividend return; fiscal year observations.

- FY2016: 10.7%

- FY2017: 10.5%

- FY2018: 8.7%

- FY2019: 11.2%

- FY2020: 16.3%

- FY2021: 5.6%

- FY2022: 9.7%

- FY2023: 32.9%

- FY2024: 8.0%

- FY2025: 12.1%

### management: pass

- Tangible common book per share

- Parent-total proxy for preferred equity

- Diluted shares, 10-year annual growth: -3.7%

- Diluted shares, 5-year annual growth: -2.7%

- Share growth excluding flagged crisis recapitalisations: -3.7%

- Five-year share growth excluding flagged crisis recapitalisations: -2.7%

- Flagged crisis recapitalisations: 0

- Book created / earnings retained after dividends and buybacks: 17.70×

- Book value created per share: $16.31

- Earnings retained per share after dividends and buybacks: $0.92

Chart: Shares (first year = 100); fiscal year observations.

- FY2015: 100

- FY2016: 98

- FY2017: 96

- FY2018: 91

- FY2019: 84

- FY2020: 78

- FY2021: 76

- FY2022: 73

- FY2023: 72

- FY2024: 71

- FY2025: 68

### accounting: pass

- Financial accounting warning count: 0

- Deposits, annualized growth: 5.4%

- Known restatement years: 0

- Years loan growth exceeded twice deposit growth: 0

## Holders

- [John Rogers](https://gigainvestors.com/AI): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [Warren Buffett](https://gigainvestors.com/BRK): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [Glenn Greenberg](https://gigainvestors.com/CCM): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [David Hoeft](https://gigainvestors.com/DAC): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [Christopher Davis](https://gigainvestors.com/DAV): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [Bill Nygren](https://gigainvestors.com/HA): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [Thomas Graham Kahn](https://gigainvestors.com/KB): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [David Katz](https://gigainvestors.com/MAVFX): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [Andrew Adams](https://gigainvestors.com/MPF): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [Richard Pzena](https://gigainvestors.com/PIM): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [Bill Ruane](https://gigainvestors.com/RC): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [Harry Burn](https://gigainvestors.com/SSHFX): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [William Browne](https://gigainvestors.com/TB): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [Arnold Van Den Berg](https://gigainvestors.com/VAN): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [Francis Chou](https://gigainvestors.com/ca): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

## Price story

The price assumes profits grow 5.8% a year forever · "BAC's AI Edge Likely to Drive Margin Expansion: Should You Invest Now?" (finance.yahoo.com, Apr 2026) · net income +14.6%

Story as of 2026-10-16T09:58:21.916Z; price observation 2026-10-15.

The price assumes profits grow 5.8% a year forever

- 2025-10-15: Bank of America Stock Jumps as Key Net Interest Income Outlook Raised ([finance.yahoo.com](https://finance.yahoo.com/m/6b6a719d-7461-369c-b4e6-ab6921bc6087/bank-of-america-stock-jumps.html))

- 2026-04-15: Bank of America Q1 2026 earnings beat on trading and interest income ([finance.yahoo.com](https://finance.yahoo.com/markets/stocks/articles/bank-america-q1-2026-earnings-120335022.html))

- 2026-06-17: AI Strategy, Double-Digit Growth Put BofA Stock In Focus ([finance.yahoo.com](https://finance.yahoo.com/m/01dc7a5f-e4c4-3cf2-b573-efdc7ed633b9/ai-strategy%2C-double-digit.html))

- 2026-07-14: Bank of America Q2 2026 earnings: record equities trading, profit jumps ([finance.yahoo.com](https://finance.yahoo.com/markets/stocks/articles/bank-america-q2-2026-earnings-113820441.html))

- 2026-09-15: Bank of America Warns of 10%+ Drop in Q3 Investment Banking Fees ([finance.yahoo.com](https://finance.yahoo.com/markets/stocks/articles/bank-america-warns-10-drop-143911257.html))

### Net income · FY2025

net income +14.6%; source https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/70858/000007085826000157/bac-20251231.htm; observed 2026-02-25.

- FY2016: $16B 

- FY2017: $17B 

- FY2018: $27B 

- FY2019: $26B 

- FY2020: $16B 

- FY2021: $31B 

- FY2022: $26B 

- FY2023: $25B 

- FY2024: $25B 

- FY2025: $29B 

## Owner memo

Memo as of 2026-10-16T08:06:05.509Z.

### How it makes money

Operates in diversified banking; annual sales are USD 113.1 billion.

- Source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/70858/000007085826000157/bac-20251231.htm#000007085826000157 (filed 2026-02-25); FY2025: revenue 113097000000.

### Why customers stay

It earns 11.9% on shareholders’ money, excluding intangible assets.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-25); 10-year return on tangible equity observations [[2016,0.0970319291558703],[2017,0.09574235178890361],[2018,0.1549858343783382],[2019,0.15225055341477411],[2020,0.09292971460485268],[2021,0.17547778747645518],[2022,0.14978868941374268],[2023,0.11248790992207602],[2024,0.11367979115644428],[2025,0.1250096806670625]]; median 0.11934473591175339. ROIC follows the displayed moat series; financial companies use return on tangible equity.

### Where the cash goes

Paid dividends in 10 of 10 years; bought back USD 24.1 billion of shares.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-25); Dividend observations: [[2016,4194000000],[2017,5700000000],[2018,6895000000],[2019,5934000000],[2020,7727000000],[2021,8055000000],[2022,8576000000],[2023,9087000000],[2024,9503000000],[2025,9563000000]]. Zero only counted when supported by a complete cash-flow statement.

- Source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/70858/000007085826000157/bac-20251231.htm (filed 2026-02-25); FY2025: cash repurchases 24102000000 USD.

### What could break it

"We may be adversely affected by weaknesses in the U.S. housing market." (SEC filing, Feb 2026)

- Source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/70858/000007085826000157/bac-20251231.htm (filed 2026-02-25); We may be adversely affected by weaknesses in the U.S. housing market.

### What the price says

The price assumes profits grow 5.8% a year forever.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-25); Price 51.7; FX 1; original perpetual distributable cash 2.1892916839616676; discount 0.1; growth 0.057653932611960015. Same book-value model and 4× ceiling; no ten-year operating fade applies. Closing-price date 2026-10-15.

## Monthly share-price history (USD per share)

- 2016-10: $16.50 per share

- 2016-11: $21.12 per share

- 2016-12: $22.10 per share

- 2017-01: $22.64 per share

- 2017-02: $24.68 per share

- 2017-03: $23.59 per share

- 2017-04: $23.34 per share

- 2017-05: $22.41 per share

- 2017-06: $24.26 per share

- 2017-07: $24.12 per share

- 2017-08: $23.89 per share

- 2017-09: $25.34 per share

- 2017-10: $27.39 per share

- 2017-11: $28.17 per share

- 2017-12: $29.52 per share

- 2018-01: $32.00 per share

- 2018-02: $32.10 per share

- 2018-03: $29.99 per share

- 2018-04: $29.92 per share

- 2018-05: $29.04 per share

- 2018-06: $28.19 per share

- 2018-07: $30.88 per share

- 2018-08: $30.93 per share

- 2018-09: $29.46 per share

- 2018-10: $27.50 per share

- 2018-11: $28.40 per share

- 2018-12: $24.64 per share

- 2019-01: $28.47 per share

- 2019-02: $29.08 per share

- 2019-03: $27.59 per share

- 2019-04: $30.58 per share

- 2019-05: $26.60 per share

- 2019-06: $29.00 per share

- 2019-07: $30.68 per share

- 2019-08: $27.51 per share

- 2019-09: $29.17 per share

- 2019-10: $31.27 per share

- 2019-11: $33.32 per share

- 2019-12: $35.22 per share

- 2020-01: $32.83 per share

- 2020-02: $28.50 per share

- 2020-03: $21.23 per share

- 2020-04: $24.05 per share

- 2020-05: $24.12 per share

- 2020-06: $23.75 per share

- 2020-07: $24.88 per share

- 2020-08: $25.74 per share

- 2020-09: $24.09 per share

- 2020-10: $23.70 per share

- 2020-11: $28.16 per share

- 2020-12: $30.31 per share

- 2021-01: $29.65 per share

- 2021-02: $34.71 per share

- 2021-03: $38.69 per share

- 2021-04: $40.53 per share

- 2021-05: $42.39 per share

- 2021-06: $41.23 per share

- 2021-07: $38.36 per share

- 2021-08: $41.75 per share

- 2021-09: $42.45 per share

- 2021-10: $47.78 per share

- 2021-11: $44.47 per share

- 2021-12: $44.49 per share

- 2022-01: $46.14 per share

- 2022-02: $44.20 per share

- 2022-03: $41.22 per share

- 2022-04: $35.68 per share

- 2022-05: $37.20 per share

- 2022-06: $31.13 per share

- 2022-07: $33.81 per share

- 2022-08: $33.61 per share

- 2022-09: $30.20 per share

- 2022-10: $36.04 per share

- 2022-11: $37.85 per share

- 2022-12: $33.12 per share

- 2023-01: $35.48 per share

- 2023-02: $34.30 per share

- 2023-03: $28.60 per share

- 2023-04: $29.28 per share

- 2023-05: $27.79 per share

- 2023-06: $28.69 per share

- 2023-07: $32.00 per share

- 2023-08: $28.67 per share

- 2023-09: $27.38 per share

- 2023-10: $26.34 per share

- 2023-11: $30.49 per share

- 2023-12: $33.67 per share

- 2024-01: $34.01 per share

- 2024-02: $34.52 per share

- 2024-03: $37.92 per share

- 2024-04: $37.01 per share

- 2024-05: $39.99 per share

- 2024-06: $39.77 per share

- 2024-07: $40.31 per share

- 2024-08: $40.75 per share

- 2024-09: $39.68 per share

- 2024-10: $41.82 per share

- 2024-11: $47.51 per share

- 2024-12: $43.95 per share

- 2025-01: $46.30 per share

- 2025-02: $46.10 per share

- 2025-03: $41.73 per share

- 2025-04: $39.88 per share

- 2025-05: $44.13 per share

- 2025-06: $47.32 per share

- 2025-07: $47.27 per share

- 2025-08: $50.74 per share

- 2025-09: $51.59 per share

- 2025-10: $53.45 per share

- 2025-11: $53.65 per share

- 2025-12: $55.00 per share

- 2026-01: $53.20 per share

- 2026-02: $49.83 per share

- 2026-03: $48.75 per share

- 2026-04: $53.46 per share

- 2026-05: $51.60 per share

- 2026-06: $56.98 per share

- 2026-07: $61.95 per share

- 2026-08: $61.94 per share

- 2026-09: $54.43 per share

- 2026-10: $53.96 per share

## Annual estimated value (USD per share)

- FY2016: low $7.37 per share, central $8.10 per share, high $9.00 per share

- FY2017: low $4.73 per share, central $5.36 per share, high $6.18 per share

- FY2018: low $5.18 per share, central $6.06 per share, high $7.30 per share

- FY2019: low $8.54 per share, central $10.68 per share, high $14.24 per share

- FY2020: low $18.50 per share, central $20.35 per share, high $22.61 per share

- FY2021: low $19.20 per share, central $21.12 per share, high $23.47 per share

- FY2022: low $16.46 per share, central $20.58 per share, high $27.44 per share

- FY2023: low $25.62 per share, central $32.02 per share, high $42.70 per share

- FY2024: low $34.46 per share, central $43.08 per share, high $57.44 per share

- FY2025: low $40.23 per share, central $50.29 per share, high $67.06 per share

Historical values use today's bond yield for every fiscal year

Historical values use today's FX rate into trading currency for every fiscal year

Historical values use current restated fundamentals and current commodity classification; they are not point-in-time estimates

## Sources

[Original 10-K filing](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/70858/000007085826000157/bac-20251231.htm); period 2025-12-31, filed 2026-02-25.

Estimates depend on assumptions and are not guarantees or investment advice. Underlying data remains subject to its source licenses; public reading does not grant bulk redistribution rights.