# Enterprise Products Partners LP (EPD.US)

Canonical: https://gigainvestors.com/s/EPD

Analysis as of: 2026-10-16T07:28:19.197Z. Financial observations: FY1998–FY2025.

Listing currency: USD. Reporting currency: USD.

## Verdict

Not a wonderful business

Quality tests for Buy: not passed (profit record: pass; earnings resilience is evidence only). Published buy qualification: no.

Share price: $35.57 per share; close as of 2026-10-15.

Estimated value: low $32.62 per share, central $43.58 per share, high $51.03 per share. Buy at or below the central value $43.58 per share. Valuation as of 2026-10-16T07:28:19.197Z; scenarios are not confidence intervals.

Expected annual return: 11.5% at the stated quote. About 11.5% a year at today's price (required return 10.0%). required return 10.0% a year (10% floor; US 10-year bond 5.1% + 4 points).

## Checklist

### understandable: pass

- 5 revenue declines in the last 10 years (informational)

- Financial history: 10 years

- Years with declining revenue: 5

- Years with a net loss: 0

- Operating margin variation: 0.14×

Chart: Operating margin; fiscal year observations.

- FY2016: 0.16×

- FY2017: 0.13×

- FY2018: 0.15×

- FY2019: 0.19×

- FY2020: 0.19×

- FY2021: 0.15×

- FY2022: 0.12×

- FY2023: 0.14×

- FY2024: 0.13×

- FY2025: 0.13×

### moat: fail

- ROIC median below threshold

- ROIC worst years below threshold (more than 1 bad year allowed)

- ROIC, median of available years: 12.5%

- ROIC, second-lowest year: 9.4%

- Typical minus recent gross margin: 0.4 pp

- Typical gross margin (annual median): 13.9%

- Recent gross margin (lower of latest and 3-year median): 13.5%

- Years with nonpositive capital: 0

- Capital spending / revenue: 10.7%

- ROIC including acquisitions, ten-year median: 6.8%

Chart: ROIC excluding acquisitions; fiscal year observations.

- FY2016: 8.9%

- FY2017: 9.4%

- FY2018: 12.1%

- FY2019: 13.0%

- FY2020: 10.5%

- FY2021: 12.8%

- FY2022: 13.7%

- FY2023: 13.5%

- FY2024: 13.3%

- FY2025: 12.0%

### economics: pass

- Owner earnings / net income, 5-yr: 0.84×

- Cash conversion uses consolidated totals: No

- Owner earnings, five-year total: $23B

- Net income, five-year total: $27B

- Return on incremental invested capital: 14.7%

- Working capital / revenue, annual change: 0.2 pp

- Working capital / revenue, change between three-year averages: 3.1 pp

- Working capital / revenue, final three-year average: 19.6%

Chart: Annual owner cash / profit; fiscal year observations.

- FY2021: 1.00×

- FY2022: 1.00×

- FY2023: 0.78×

- FY2024: 1.00×

- FY2025: 0.45×

### management: pass

- Historical market-dollar context (not the management verdict): 2016 to 2025 (9 years)

- buybacks leaned toward cheaper years (informational)

- ROIC first 3 years vs last 3 years: 9.4% vs 13.3%

- Per-share earnings: 1.26 to 2.66 (three-year endpoint medians)

- Management verdict uses per-share economic progress: Yes

- Ordinary dilution, 10-year annual growth: 0.9%

- Ordinary dilution, 5-year annual growth: -0.1%

- Market cap gain: $14B

- Cumulative retained earnings: $30B

- Diluted shares, 10-year annual growth: 0.9%

- Diluted shares, 5-year annual growth: -0.1%

- $1 test, starting fiscal year: FY2016

- $1 test, ending fiscal year: FY2025

- Per-share value growth: 9.8%

- Per-share value change: $1.40

- Per-share value, starting three-year median: $1.26

- Per-share value, ending three-year median: $2.66

- Buybacks concentrated in cheaper years (correlation): 0.86

- Average buyback yield: 0.3%

- Buyback history: 8 years

- Debt-funded buybacks: No

- Acquisition spending: $1.5B

- Cumulative net income, 10 years: $45B

- ROIC, first three-year median: 9.4%

- ROIC, last three-year median: 13.3%

Chart: Earnings per share; fiscal year observations.

- FY2016: $1.20

- FY2017: $1.30

- FY2018: $1.91

- FY2019: $2.09

- FY2020: $1.71

- FY2021: $2.11

- FY2022: $2.50

- FY2023: $2.52

- FY2024: $2.69

- FY2025: $2.66

### accounting: pass

- Sloan accruals: -3.6%

- Receivables to sales index (DSRI): 0.75×

- Restructuring years, last five: 0

- Stock compensation / operating cash flow: 0.0%

- Earnings backed by cash: Yes

- Operating cash / earnings: 1.48×

- Accounting red flags: 0

- Goodwill and intangibles / equity: 0.33×

Chart: Sloan accruals; fiscal year observations.

- FY2016: -3.0%

- FY2017: -3.4%

- FY2018: -3.4%

- FY2019: -3.1%

- FY2020: -3.3%

- FY2021: -5.7%

- FY2022: -3.7%

- FY2023: -2.9%

- FY2024: -2.9%

- FY2025: -3.6%

## Holders

- [Matthew McLennan](https://gigainvestors.com/FE): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [Thomas Gayner](https://gigainvestors.com/MKL): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [Ron Muhlenkamp](https://gigainvestors.com/MUHL): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [Bruce Berkowitz](https://gigainvestors.com/fairx): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

- [Leon Cooperman](https://gigainvestors.com/oa): tracked 13F investor; follow the investor page for holding quarter and amounts.

## Price story

Price needs cash profits to grow 2.3% a year for ten years · "Rising Permian Volumes and Expansions Support EPD's Growth Outlook" (finance.yahoo.com, Aug 2026) · sales -6.4%

Story as of 2026-10-16T09:58:42.292Z; price observation 2026-10-15.

Price needs cash profits to grow 2.3% a year for ten years

- 2025-05-30: Enterprise Products slips as license requirement could lead to lower China exports ([seekingalpha.com](https://seekingalpha.com/news/4453939-enterprise-products-slips-as-license-requirement-could-lead-to-lower-china-exports?utm_source=feed_news_all&utm_medium=referral&feed_item_type=news))

- 2025-08-31: Enterprise Products Partners (EPD) Outlook Strengthens with Executive Share Purchase and Occidental Acquisition ([finance.yahoo.com](https://finance.yahoo.com/news/enterprise-products-partners-epd-outlook-054947554.html))

- 2025-11-21: EPD to Generate Additional Cash Flows From $5B Project Backlog ([finance.yahoo.com](https://finance.yahoo.com/news/epd-generate-additional-cash-flows-145100640.html))

- 2026-02-04: Enterprise Q4 Earnings Beat on Higher Gas Pipeline Volumes ([finance.yahoo.com](https://finance.yahoo.com/news/enterprise-q4-earnings-beat-higher-162700676.html))

- 2026-04-30: Enterprise Products Partners Links Record Q1 To Higher 2026 Growth Plans ([finance.yahoo.com](https://finance.yahoo.com/markets/stocks/articles/enterprise-products-partners-links-record-080512412.html))

- 2026-08-31: Rising Permian Volumes and Expansions Support EPD's Growth Outlook ([finance.yahoo.com](https://finance.yahoo.com/energy/articles/rising-permian-volumes-expansions-support-165500946.html))

### Sales · FY2024–2025

sales -6.4%; source https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1061219/000106121926000006/epd-20251231.htm; observed 2026-02-27.

- FY2016: $23B 

- FY2017: $29B 

- FY2018: $37B 

- FY2019: $33B 

- FY2020: $27B 

- FY2021: $41B 

- FY2022: $58B 

- FY2023: $50B 

- FY2024: $56B 

- FY2025: $53B 

### Gross margin · FY2025

gross margin 13.6%; source https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1061219/000106121926000006/epd-20251231.htm; observed 2026-02-27.

- FY2016: 14.9% 

- FY2017: 12.7% 

- FY2018: 14.2% 

- FY2019: 17.6% 

- FY2020: 21.0% 

- FY2021: 14.6% 

- FY2022: 11.6% 

- FY2023: 13.5% 

- FY2024: 12.8% 

- FY2025: 13.6% 

## Owner memo

Memo as of 2026-10-16T08:06:05.509Z.

### How it makes money

Operates in oil & gas midstream; annual sales are USD 52.6 billion.

- Source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1061219/000106121926000006/epd-20251231.htm (filed 2026-02-27); FY2025: revenue 52596000000; grossProfit 7156000000; margin = grossProfit / revenue.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-10-16); EPD.US: Enterprise Products Partners L.P. provides midstream energy services to producers and consumers of natural gas, natural gas liquids (NGLs), crude oil, petrochemicals, and refined products. It operates in four segments: NGL Pipelines & Services; Crude Oil Pipelines & Services; Natural Gas Pipelines & Services; and Petrochemical & Refined Products Services. The NGL Pipelines & Services segment offers natural gas processing and related NGL marketing activities. This segment operates natural gas processing facilities located in Colorado, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Texas, and Wyoming; NGL pipelines; NGL fractionation facilities; NGL and related product storage facilities; and NGL marine terminals. The Crude Oil Pipelines & Services segment operates crude oil pipelines; and crude oil storage and marine terminals, which include a fleet of approximately 200 tractor-trailer tank trucks that are used to transport crude oil. It also engages in crude oil marketing activities. The Natural Gas Pipelines & Services segment operates natural gas pipeline systems to gather, treat, and transport natural gas. It leases underground salt dome natural gas storage facilities in Napoleonville, Louisiana; owns an underground salt dome storage cavern in Wharton County, Texas; and transports, stores, and markets natural gas. The Petrochemical & Refined Products Services segment operates propylene fractionation facilities, including propylene fractionation units and propane dehydrogenation facilities, and related marketing activities; butane isomerization complex and related deisobutanizer operations; and octane enhancement, isobutane dehydrogenation, and high purity isobutylene production facilities. It also operates refined products pipelines and terminals; and ethylene export terminals; and provides refined products marketing and marine transportation services. The company was founded in 1968 and is headquartered in Houston, Texas.

### Why customers stay

Margins ranged from 12.8% to 13.6% during 2023–25; it earns 12.5% on its capital.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-27); FY2023: grossProfit / revenue = 13.5%.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-27); FY2024: grossProfit / revenue = 12.8%.

- Source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1061219/000106121926000006/epd-20251231.htm (filed 2026-02-27); FY2025: grossProfit / revenue = 13.6%.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-27); 10-year return on capital observations [[2016,0.08884572732871628],[2017,0.09413270550526799],[2018,0.1213592702676479],[2019,0.12951866504324255],[2020,0.10482813183152548],[2021,0.12814743857547556],[2022,0.1373188868591736],[2023,0.1349305747016535],[2024,0.13270747237578412],[2025,0.12009075043262236]]; median 0.12475335442156173. ROIC follows the displayed moat series; financial companies use return on tangible equity.

### Where the cash goes

Paid dividends in 10 of 10 years; bought back USD 300 million of shares.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-27); FY2016: growth capex 0; upkeep 3025100000; owner earnings 1040000000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-27); FY2017: growth capex 1503900000; upkeep 1644000000; owner earnings 2799300000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0.5372414532204479.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-27); FY2018: growth capex 2431600000; upkeep 1791600000; owner earnings 4172399999. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0.5827820919813015.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-27); FY2019: growth capex 0; upkeep 4531700000; owner earnings 2051700000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-27); FY2020: growth capex 0; upkeep 3287900000; owner earnings 2599000000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-27); FY2021: growth capex 349200000; upkeep 1874000000; owner earnings 4638000000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0.07529107373868046.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-27); FY2022: growth capex 0; upkeep 1964000000; owner earnings 5500000000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-27); FY2023: growth capex 0; upkeep 3266000000; owner earnings 4338000000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-27); FY2024: growth capex 2350000000; upkeep 2194000000; owner earnings 5901000000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0.3982375868496865.

- Source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1061219/000106121926000006/epd-20251231.htm (filed 2026-02-27); FY2025: growth capex 0; upkeep 5620000000; owner earnings 2589000000. Growth capex / owner earnings = 0.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-27); Dividend observations: [[2016,3300500000],[2017,3569900000],[2018,3726900000],[2019,3839800000],[2020,3891000000],[2021,3930400000],[2022,4095000000],[2023,4301000000],[2024,4512000000],[2025,4678000000]]. Zero only counted when supported by a complete cash-flow statement.

- Source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1061219/000106121926000006/epd-20251231.htm (filed 2026-02-27); FY2025: cash repurchases 300000000 USD.

### Are managers owners

Insiders own 33% of the company.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-10-16); EPD.US SharesStats.PercentInsiders = 33.046 percentage points; cache date 2026-10-16.

### What could break it

An IRS tax dispute could require additional payments.

- Source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1061219/000106121926000006/epd-20251231.htm (filed 2026-02-27); ility if a court finds that limited partner actions constitute control of our business.

•Unitholders may have a liability to repay distributions.

•Our general partner’s interest in us and the control of our general partner may be transferred to a third party without unitholder consent.

Tax Risks to Common Unitholders

•Our tax treatment depends on our status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, which could be subject to potential legislative, judicial or administrative changes and differing interpretations, possibly on a retroactive basis.

36

Table of Contents

•A successful IRS contest of the federal income tax positions we take and certain valuation methodologies we adopt in determining a unitholder’s allocation of income, gain, loss and deductions may adversely impact the market for our common units and the cost of any IRS contest will reduce our cash available for distribution to unitholders.

•If the IRS makes audit adjustments to our income tax returns, it (and some states) may assess and collect any taxes (including any applicable penalties and interest) resulting from such audit adjustment directly from us, in which case we would pay the taxes directly to the IRS and our cash available for distribution to our unitholders might be substantially reduced.

•Our unitholders may be required to pay taxes on their share of our income even if they do not receive any cash distributions from us.

•Tax gains or losses on the disposition of our common units could be more or less than expected.

•We treat each purchaser of our common units as having the same tax benefits without regard to the common units purchased. The IRS may challenge this treatment, which could adversely affect the value of our common units.

•Our common unitholders will likely be subject to state and local taxes and return filing requirements in states where they do not live as a result of an investment in our common units.

Discussion of Key Risk Factors

The following discussion provides additional information regarding each of our key risk factors by category: Risks Relating to Our Business, Risks Relating to Our Partnership Structure and Tax Risks to Common Unitholders.

Risks Relating to Our Business

The impact of a global public health crisis or foreign conflict on global oil and gas markets may have material adverse consequences for general economic, financial and business conditions, and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity and those of our customers, suppliers and other counterparties.

Changes in the supply of and demand for hydrocarbon products impacts both the volume of products that we purchase and sell and the level of services that we provide to customers, which in turn impacts our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Global public health crises, such as t

### What the price says

The price assumes cash profits grow 2.3% yearly over ten years; actual growth was 27.6%.

- Source: https://eodhd.com/financial-apis/stock-etfs-fundamental-data-feeds/ (filed 2026-02-27); Ten-year compound average after fade. Initial solved rate 0.019792815534952823. Price 35.57; FX 1; discount 0.1; same standard ten-year fade to terminal 0.03. FY2015 owner earnings/share 0.10332232562793955 → FY2025 1.18327239488117. Closing-price date 2026-10-15.

## Monthly share-price history (USD per share)

- 2016-10: $25.24 per share

- 2016-11: $25.93 per share

- 2016-12: $27.04 per share

- 2017-01: $28.33 per share

- 2017-02: $28.03 per share

- 2017-03: $27.61 per share

- 2017-04: $27.32 per share

- 2017-05: $26.81 per share

- 2017-06: $27.08 per share

- 2017-07: $27.20 per share

- 2017-08: $26.07 per share

- 2017-09: $26.07 per share

- 2017-10: $24.50 per share

- 2017-11: $24.63 per share

- 2017-12: $26.51 per share

- 2018-01: $27.62 per share

- 2018-02: $25.42 per share

- 2018-03: $24.48 per share

- 2018-04: $26.84 per share

- 2018-05: $28.90 per share

- 2018-06: $27.67 per share

- 2018-07: $29.00 per share

- 2018-08: $28.60 per share

- 2018-09: $28.73 per share

- 2018-10: $26.82 per share

- 2018-11: $26.25 per share

- 2018-12: $24.59 per share

- 2019-01: $27.67 per share

- 2019-02: $27.65 per share

- 2019-03: $29.10 per share

- 2019-04: $28.63 per share

- 2019-05: $27.89 per share

- 2019-06: $28.87 per share

- 2019-07: $30.11 per share

- 2019-08: $28.51 per share

- 2019-09: $28.58 per share

- 2019-10: $26.03 per share

- 2019-11: $26.32 per share

- 2019-12: $28.16 per share

- 2020-01: $25.77 per share

- 2020-02: $23.34 per share

- 2020-03: $14.30 per share

- 2020-04: $17.56 per share

- 2020-05: $19.10 per share

- 2020-06: $18.17 per share

- 2020-07: $17.60 per share

- 2020-08: $17.56 per share

- 2020-09: $15.79 per share

- 2020-10: $16.57 per share

- 2020-11: $19.40 per share

- 2020-12: $19.59 per share

- 2021-01: $20.23 per share

- 2021-02: $21.32 per share

- 2021-03: $22.02 per share

- 2021-04: $23.01 per share

- 2021-05: $23.61 per share

- 2021-06: $24.13 per share

- 2021-07: $22.57 per share

- 2021-08: $22.26 per share

- 2021-09: $21.64 per share

- 2021-10: $22.68 per share

- 2021-11: $21.39 per share

- 2021-12: $21.96 per share

- 2022-01: $23.64 per share

- 2022-02: $24.42 per share

- 2022-03: $25.81 per share

- 2022-04: $25.91 per share

- 2022-05: $27.42 per share

- 2022-06: $24.37 per share

- 2022-07: $26.73 per share

- 2022-08: $26.32 per share

- 2022-09: $23.78 per share

- 2022-10: $25.25 per share

- 2022-11: $24.81 per share

- 2022-12: $24.12 per share

- 2023-01: $25.60 per share

- 2023-02: $25.53 per share

- 2023-03: $25.90 per share

- 2023-04: $26.31 per share

- 2023-05: $25.33 per share

- 2023-06: $26.35 per share

- 2023-07: $26.51 per share

- 2023-08: $26.61 per share

- 2023-09: $27.37 per share

- 2023-10: $26.04 per share

- 2023-11: $26.78 per share

- 2023-12: $26.35 per share

- 2024-01: $26.76 per share

- 2024-02: $27.45 per share

- 2024-03: $29.18 per share

- 2024-04: $28.08 per share

- 2024-05: $28.50 per share

- 2024-06: $28.98 per share

- 2024-07: $28.86 per share

- 2024-08: $29.34 per share

- 2024-09: $29.11 per share

- 2024-10: $28.66 per share

- 2024-11: $34.43 per share

- 2024-12: $31.36 per share

- 2025-01: $32.65 per share

- 2025-02: $33.41 per share

- 2025-03: $34.14 per share

- 2025-04: $29.90 per share

- 2025-05: $30.82 per share

- 2025-06: $31.01 per share

- 2025-07: $30.99 per share

- 2025-08: $32.14 per share

- 2025-09: $31.27 per share

- 2025-10: $30.79 per share

- 2025-11: $32.74 per share

- 2025-12: $32.06 per share

- 2026-01: $33.19 per share

- 2026-02: $36.14 per share

- 2026-03: $37.84 per share

- 2026-04: $38.70 per share

- 2026-05: $36.79 per share

- 2026-06: $36.76 per share

- 2026-07: $38.05 per share

- 2026-08: $38.82 per share

- 2026-09: $35.61 per share

- 2026-10: $36.04 per share

## Annual estimated value (USD per share)

- FY2016: low $3.47 per share, central $3.95 per share, high $4.59 per share

- FY2017: low $6.70 per share, central $7.63 per share, high $8.86 per share

- FY2018: low $8.25 per share, central $9.39 per share, high $10.90 per share

- FY2019: low $10.19 per share, central $11.59 per share, high $13.46 per share

- FY2020: low $13.14 per share, central $14.91 per share, high $17.28 per share

- FY2021: low $20.29 per share, central $22.96 per share, high $26.52 per share

- FY2022: low $28.26 per share, central $32.92 per share, high $38.28 per share

- FY2023: low $23.41 per share, central $26.64 per share, high $30.94 per share

- FY2024: low $26.88 per share, central $30.69 per share, high $35.65 per share

- FY2025: low $25.12 per share, central $28.55 per share, high $33.11 per share

Historical values use today's bond yield for every fiscal year

Historical values use today's FX rate into trading currency for every fiscal year

Historical values use current restated fundamentals and current commodity classification; they are not point-in-time estimates

## Sources

[Original 10-K filing](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1061219/000106121926000006/epd-20251231.htm); period 2025-12-31, filed 2026-02-27.

Estimates depend on assumptions and are not guarantees or investment advice. Underlying data remains subject to its source licenses; public reading does not grant bulk redistribution rights.
← Companies

Enterprise Products Partners LP

EPD · US

Not a wonderful business

1 quality test fails. A lower price would not fix the business.

Share price
$35.57
Buy up to
$43.58
Expected / yr
11.5% at today's price (10.0% at central value)

The business

How it makes money
Why customers stay
Where the cash goes
Are managers owners
What could break it
What the price says

1. Is this a good business?

Evidence only; not required for Buy

Margins varied 14.4% around their average (limit 35%), and no loss years were recorded (limit 2).

10y median
14.4%
Worst year
11.9%
Latest · 2025
13.1%

Capital return excluding acquisitions: median 12.5% (minimum 15%), and the second-worst year 9.4% (minimum 10%).

10y median
12.5%
Worst year
8.9%
Latest · 2025
12.0%

Each $1 of profit left $0.84 for owners over five years (minimum $0.80).

Five-year totals
0.84×
Annual median
1.00×
Latest · 2025
0.45×

Per-share value rose from 1.26 to 2.66, comparing three-year medians at each end (must rise and stay positive).

10y median
$2.10
Worst year
$1.20
Latest · 2025
$2.66

Profits were backed by cash: accruals were -3.6% of assets (limit 10%).

10y median
-3.4%
Worst year
-2.9%
Latest · 2025
-3.6%

Profit record · pass 0 loss years in 10 (at most 2), mean operating margin 14.8%, three-year average owner earnings per share 1.95 USD.

2. Is the price low enough?

Price & return math
Value range$32.62 – $51.03
Buy at or belowCentral value $43.58
Discount to value1 − 35.57 / 43.58 = 18.4%
Return / yearAbout 11.5% a year at today's price (required return 10.0%)
Cash-flow inputsOwner cash USD 2.56/share; 5.6% growth for 5 years, then fades to 3.0%; excess cash USD 0.00/share today.
Required return10.0% / year, earned by construction at the central value
Revenue$53B
$58B$020162025
FY2016 · Revenue: $23B; FY2017 · Revenue: $29B; FY2018 · Revenue: $37B; FY2019 · Revenue: $33B; FY2020 · Revenue: $27B; FY2021 · Revenue: $41B; FY2022 · Revenue: $58B; FY2023 · Revenue: $50B; FY2024 · Revenue: $56B; FY2025 · Revenue: $53B
Revenue
Owner earnings$2.6B
$5.9B$020162025
FY2016 · Owner earnings: $1.0B; FY2017 · Owner earnings: $2.8B; FY2018 · Owner earnings: $4.2B; FY2019 · Owner earnings: $2.1B; FY2020 · Owner earnings: $2.6B; FY2021 · Owner earnings: $4.6B; FY2022 · Owner earnings: $5.5B; FY2023 · Owner earnings: $4.3B; FY2024 · Owner earnings: $5.9B; FY2025 · Owner earnings: $2.6B
Owner earnings
Operating margin13.1%
18.5%0.0%20162025
FY2016 · Operating margin: 15.6%; FY2017 · Operating margin: 13.4%; FY2018 · Operating margin: 14.8%; FY2019 · Operating margin: 18.5%; FY2020 · Operating margin: 18.5%; FY2021 · Operating margin: 15.0%; FY2022 · Operating margin: 11.9%; FY2023 · Operating margin: 13.9%; FY2024 · Operating margin: 13.1%; FY2025 · Operating margin: 13.1%
Operating margin
Net cash / debt-$33B
$1.00-$33B20162025
FY2016 · Net cash / debt: -$24B; FY2017 · Net cash / debt: -$25B; FY2018 · Net cash / debt: -$26B; FY2019 · Net cash / debt: -$27B; FY2020 · Net cash / debt: -$29B; FY2021 · Net cash / debt: -$27B; FY2022 · Net cash / debt: -$29B; FY2023 · Net cash / debt: -$29B; FY2024 · Net cash / debt: -$32B; FY2025 · Net cash / debt: -$33B
Net cash / debt
Diluted shares2.2B
2.2B020162025
FY2016 · Diluted shares: 2.1B; FY2017 · Diluted shares: 2.2B; FY2018 · Diluted shares: 2.2B; FY2019 · Diluted shares: 2.2B; FY2020 · Diluted shares: 2.2B; FY2021 · Diluted shares: 2.2B; FY2022 · Diluted shares: 2.2B; FY2023 · Diluted shares: 2.2B; FY2024 · Diluted shares: 2.2B; FY2025 · Diluted shares: 2.2B
Diluted shares
Prices 15 Oct 2026 · FY2025Original filing ↗ ·